全国成人高考专升本英语复习资料-形容词副词

全国成人高考专升本英语复习资料-形容词副词


三、形容词和副词

形容词修饰名词或代词。表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征等。副词修饰动词、形容词、 副词或整个句子等，表示时间、地点、方式及程度。
1、形容词的构成：形容词大体上有三种构成方式：简单形容词、分词作形容词和复合形容词。简单形容词通常为一个单词，如old,good,yellow等；分词作形容词为现在分词或过去分词，interesting,pleased等；复合形容词为两个或两个以上的词构成，如light-hearted,hard-to-please等。
2、形容词在句子中的位置：形容词作定语时通常在所修饰的名词前。但当形容词修饰某些复合不定代词时，形容词则应置后。这些复合不定代词必须带有any,every,no,some等。
例：Something special happened last night.
3、形容词的顺序：两个或两个以上的形容词在修饰同一个名词时，他们的顺序应按其与所修饰的名词之间的远近关系而定。关系越密切，与名词的距离也就越近。基本顺序如下：
限定（冠词、代词）+数（序列词在前，基数词在后）+描绘（大写、长短、高低等）+特征（新旧、年龄）+颜色+类属（专有、材料质地）+名词性定语+名词。
例：The expensive bright red Italian leather purse.
 
副词

1、副词的种类：时间副词，如now,after等；地点副词，如there,somewhere等；方式副词，如fast,kindly等；程度副词，如much,lightly等；频率副词，如seldom,often等；疑问副词，如why,when等。

2、副词在句子中的位置
（1）副词修饰动词时，副词置于所修饰的动词或该动词所带的宾语之前或之后。如果宾语部分为从句，副词则置于动词前或动词后。
例：A shirt and an ordinary pair of trousers will do nicely.
    “A good night's sleep is what you want,”he said firmly.
（2）副词修饰形容词或副词时，修饰词在前，被修饰词在后。
例：The problem and answer are very simple.
    They work terrifically fast.
（3）频率副词应置于实意动词前，但要置于be、情态动词、第一个助动词后。
例：She frequently goes to see her grandma in the senior house.
    She is always happy.
    He might seldom do this.

3、副词的顺序：两个或两个以上的副词同时使用时，顺序是：程度+地点+方式+时间。另外，同类副词同时使用时，小单位在前，大单位在后。短的词在前，长的词在后。需要时可用and或but连接。
例：Get together in front of the Main Building at 7:30 am the coming Sunday.    

4、特殊用法的副词
（1）enough作为副词时，置于动词、形容词、副词之后。但作为形容词时，置于名词之前，并且该名词必须是可数名词的复数或不可数名词，不能是可数名词的单数。
例：I've had enough.Thanks.
    Have you got enough books?
（2）very做副词时，可以修饰形容词、副词和短语，但不能修饰动词。
例：It's very kind of you.
（3）else置于以any,every,no,some起始的不定代词之后，置于疑问词之后。
例：What else can I do, if you are not satisfied?
Anyone else wants to go with me besides these two?
 
形容词、副词的比较等级
形容词和副词的比较等级有三种：原级、比较级和最高级。

1、形容词和副词的原级
（1）将两个人或两个事物进行比较时，肯定式用as+原形+as，表示同等或同样。否定式用not as/so+原形+as，表示不一样。
例：She works as hard as he does.
    Mary's handwriting is as good as Peter's.
    This mountain is not so high as the one we climbed yesterday.
（2）表示同级的比较方法还有：the same ...as,like.
例：He has the same feeling on the situation as I do.
    Like many girls toay, she tries so hard to be slim.

2、形容词和副词的比较级
（1）比较级是指二者之间的比较。
表现形式为：比较级+than，有时than可省略。
例：She works more carefully than the new comer.
    This bottle has less water than the other one.
（2）可以修饰比较级的词：a bit,a great deal,a little,a lot,any,by far,even,far,lots,many,much,still.这些词通常所置于修饰的比较级前。
例：Detective moe is much more interesting than scientific one,I think.
    The coat is only a bit smaller than what I requested.

3、形容词和副词的最高级
（1）最高级指三者或三者以上的比较。
表现形式为：the+最高级。
例：This book among those I borrowed from the library is the most difficult one to read.
    He works the hardest among the three.
（2）可以修饰最高级的词：almost,by far,far ,mostly,much,nearly.这些词通常置于所修饰的最高级的定冠词前。very 置于定冠词后。
例：He is almost the tallest in the school.
    This is the very best chocolate cake I've ever tasted.

4、其他比较的表现形式
（1）越来越...表现形式为：more and more+原形(多音节形容词)，或比较级+and+比较级。
例：More and more people want to be volunteers.
（2）越...就越...表现形式为：the+比较级，the+比较级。
例：The harder you work,the more you get.           
                    
形容词/副词的比较级和最高级规则变化

		例 词
一般情况	加er, est	smaller,smallest
以e 结尾	加r,st	larger,largest
以"辅音字母+y "结尾的	改y为i，再加er,est	busier,busiest
重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母	双写末尾辅音字母，加er,est	fatter,fattest
多数双音节和多音节的	加more most	more beautiful,  most important

注意：大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more 和most 来构成比较级和最高级。
形容词/副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化

原级	比较级	最高级
good ,well	better	best
bad, ill, badly	worse	worst
many ,much	more	most
little	less	least
far	farther, further	farthest,further
old	older, elder	oldest, eldest

 
课后习题讲解
—It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures.
—Right. That's what she likes to do ________.
A．more                
B．less               
C．most                
D．least
答案：C
解析：上句“爱丽丝好像是除了画画什么也不想做”，下句重申“的确，那是她‘最’喜欢做的。”用most最高级来修饰动词，故选C。
 
—Peter looks sporty.
—Yes. He is the ________ runner in my class.
A．slower        
B．slowest   
C．faster             
D．fastest
答案：D
 
I can________ be a nurse.I'm not a very patient person.
A．seldom           
B．ever       
C．never                   
D．Always
答案：C
 
Dear students, please read every sentence carefully. ________ you are, ________ mistakes you'll make.
A．The more carefully; the fewer           
B．The more careful; the less
C．The more carefully; the less             
D．The more careful; the fewer
答案：D
解析：本题考查形容词比较级的用法。“the＋比较级…the＋比较级”的用法，表示“越……越……”。“你越细心”这个句子是系表结构，故用形容词careful。fewer是few 的比较级，修饰可数名词，故选D。
 
Remember, boys.  ________ you stand,  ________ you will see.
A．The higher; the farther   
B．Higher; farther    
C．The highest; the farthest
D．High; far
答案：A
 
She is very good at painting. She can paint ________ her teacher.
A．as better as       
B．as well as
C．as good as       
D．so well as
答案：B
解析：as...as 中间用形容词，副词原级，答案A可以排除；再则副词修饰动词，故答案选B。
 
—Why don't you like winter in Beijing?
—Because it is ________ winter in Guangzhou.
A．as cold as     
B．much colder than   
C．not so cold as     
D．not colder than
答案：B
 
Uncle Carl is really             man.
A．an old sweet    
B．a sweet,old
C．a sweet old    
D．an old,sweet
答案：C
解析：形容词的排列要求是：描绘性的形容词在表示特征的形容词前，因为特征通常是不可改变的。Sweet是描述性的词，而old是表示特征的。选项C正确。
 
This is ________ difficult problem that few students can work it out.
A．so    
B．so a    
C．such    
D．such a
答案：D    
 
全国成人高考专升本英语复习资料-形容词副词